Gilbués fire, October 2025 Gilbués, Bom Jesus
The fire started on 23 October 2025 in Gilbués, Brazil, and satellites saw it burning for 8 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 3,483 hectares from heat detections, spread across 2 municipalities.
It is the 634th largest in Piaui since 2016 (of 804 with a page). Number 578 in Brazil in 2025, of 714.
- Burnt area
- 3,483ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 8days
- 23 Oct 2025 – 30 Oct 2025
- Municipalities hit
- 2
- municipalities
- Started on
- 23 Oct
- 2025
- Heat detections
- 81
- in a single hotspot: 69 MW
- Danger at start
- 33
- High · FWI index
- Energy released
- 838MW
- sum of detected power
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 2 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 1.7 mm on 1 Nov.
This area had burned before
93% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 724 ha in 2016, 1,512 ha in 2017, 2,422 ha in 2022, 467 ha in 2024. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 3,223 ha that had burned before.
What happened to each town
-
2,677 ha reached on 23 Oct0.8 %
-
Bom Jesus 28,796 inhabitants827 ha reached on 25 Oct0.2 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance is from the town centre to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 Oct | 32.3 °C | 32 % | 60 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 33 |
| 24 Oct | 34.3 °C | 29 % | 50 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 25 Oct | 35.8 °C | 23 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 26 Oct | 36.7 °C | 20 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 27 Oct | 36.7 °C | 21 % | 47 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 28 Oct | 37.2 °C | 21 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 29 Oct | 38.7 °C | 22 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 30 Oct | 38.3 °C | 20 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 38 |
| 31 Oct after | 35.6 °C | 34 % | 24 km/h | 0.1 mm | High 29 |
| 1 Nov after | 32.5 °C | 43 % | 27 km/h | 1.7 mm | Moderate 14 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 31 October 2025 the air beside the fire reached 39 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 25: 1.7 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 81Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 8,983 haGilbuésOctober 2022 · 16 days · 35 km away
- 14,044 haGilbués8 September 2026 · 16 days · 36 km away
- 7,466 haBaixa Grande do RibeiroOctober 2020 · 9 days · 39 km away
- 12,447 haBaixa Grande do Ribeiro24 September 2017 · 7 days · 40 km away
- 7,200 haBaixa Grande do Ribeiro7 October 2026 · 5 days · 40 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Gilbués fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 23 October 2025 and 30 October 2025: 8 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 3,483 hectares (34.8 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 2 municipalities: Gilbués (2,677 ha, 0.8 %); Bom Jesus (827 ha, 0.2 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 38.7 °C, humidity dropped to 20 % and gusts hit 60 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 44, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Brazil (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 193
Satellite cross-check
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.