Gashaka fire, 21 January 2021 Gashaka
The fire started on 21 January 2021 in Gashaka, Nigeria, and satellites saw it burning for 10 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 3,329 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 43th largest in Taraba since 2016 (of 160 with a page). Number 79 in Nigeria in 2021, of 184.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 3,329ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 10days
- 21 Jan 2021 – 30 Jan 2021
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- local government areas
- Started on
- 21 Jan
- 2021
- Heat detections
- 147
- in a single hotspot: 33 MW
- Danger at start
- 45
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 60MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
77% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 189 ha in 2016, 1,395 ha in 2018, 1,071 ha in 2019, 1,420 ha in 2020. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 2,579 ha that had burned before.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Gashaka where it started3,354 ha reached on 15 Jan0.4 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Inside the perimeter there were about 0.91 hectares of built-up land and about 150 residents (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21 Jan | 33.3 °C | 14 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 22 Jan | 34.2 °C | 16 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 23 Jan | 34.1 °C | 17 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 24 Jan | 34.6 °C | 16 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 25 Jan | 36.5 °C | 14 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 26 Jan | 36.9 °C | 16 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 27 Jan | 36.3 °C | 14 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 28 Jan | 36.9 °C | 11 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 29 Jan | 36.2 °C | 12 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 30 Jan | 35.8 °C | 13 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 31 Jan after | 35.8 °C | 16 % | 21 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 1 Feb after | 36.5 °C | 15 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 2 Feb after | 36.7 °C | 14 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 3 Feb after | 37.5 °C | 12 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 50 |
| 4 Feb after | 35.7 °C | 12 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 5 Feb after | 36.6 °C | 12 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 6 Feb after | 36.8 °C | 13 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 7 Feb after | 37.5 °C | 13 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 8 Feb after | 37.7 °C | 14 % | 19 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 9 Feb after | 37.7 °C | 10 % | 20 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 147Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 5,360 haGashaka23 January 2026 · 12 days · 3 km away
- 10,890 haGashaka20 January 2026 · 15 days · 17 km away
- 7,849 haGashaka22 January 2025 · 11 days · 17 km away
- 8,332 haGashaka24 January 2025 · 13 days · 18 km away
- 5,364 haToungo22 January 2025 · 10 days · 20 km away
- 18,944 haBali20 January 2026 · 15 days · 22 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Gashaka fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 21 January 2021 and 30 January 2021: 10 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 3,329 hectares (33.3 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Gashaka (3,354 ha, 0.4 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 36.9 °C, humidity dropped to 11 % and gusts hit 30 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 48, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Nigeria (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 112 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. 147 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.