Elundini fire, July 2019 Elundini, Mhlontlo
The fire started on 23 July 2019 in Elundini, South Africa, and satellites saw it burning for 5 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 2,999 hectares from heat detections, spread across 2 municipalities.
It is the 105th largest in Eastern Cape since 2016 (of 185 with a page). Number 65 in South Africa in 2019, of 130.
The power measured by the satellite is low (23.6 MW in the strongest hotspot), more typical of grass or stubble burning, or a slow surface fire, than of a large crown fire.
- Burnt area
- 2,999ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 5days
- 23 Jul 2019 – 27 Jul 2019
- Municipalities hit
- 2
- municipalities
- Started on
- 23 Jul
- 2019
- Heat detections
- 111
- in a single hotspot: 24 MW
- Danger at start
- 45
- Very high · FWI index
- Energy released
- 494MW
- sum of detected power
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 2 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 1.0 mm on 1 Aug.
This area had burned before
No earlier perimeters overlap this fire since 2016, when the satellite record begins.
What happened to each town
-
Elundini where it started2,894 ha reached on 23 Jul0.6 %
-
122 ha reached on 23 Jul0.0 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance is from the town centre to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 Jul | 23.5 °C | 12 % | 48 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 24 Jul | 15.1 °C | 21 % | 73 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 25 Jul | 22.3 °C | 12 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 26 Jul | 17.6 °C | 39 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 28 |
| 27 Jul | 22.9 °C | 17 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 33 |
| 28 Jul after | 24.0 °C | 13 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 38 |
| 29 Jul after | 25.7 °C | 8 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 30 Jul after | 25.5 °C | 14 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 31 Jul after | 16.9 °C | 38 % | 28 km/h | 0.7 mm | High 26 |
| 1 Aug after | 12.2 °C | 73 % | 33 km/h | 1.0 mm | Low 10 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 111Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Elundini fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 23 July 2019 and 27 July 2019: 5 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 2,999 hectares (30.0 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 2 municipalities: Elundini (2,894 ha, 0.6 %); Mhlontlo (122 ha, 0.0 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 23.5 °C, humidity dropped to 12 % and gusts hit 73 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 54, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of South Africa (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 10177 · 112
Satellite cross-check
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM3 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.