Dessa fire, November 2024 Dessa, Anzourou, Inatès
The fire started on 25 November 2024 in Dessa, Niger, and satellites saw it burning for 6 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 13,729 hectares from heat detections, spread across 3 municipalities.
It is the largest fire in Tillabéri since 2016 (of 244 with a page). The largest in Niger in 2024, of 76.
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Suggestions: Dessa · 2023Anzourou · 2023Dessa · 2023Dessa · 2025
- Burnt area
- 13,729ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 6days
- 25 Nov 2024 – 30 Nov 2024
- Municipalities hit
- 3
- communes
- Started on
- 25 Nov
- 2024
- Heat detections
- 359
- in a single hotspot: 48 MW
- Danger at start
- 63
- Extreme · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 427MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 48 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
17% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 2,343 ha in 2023.
- 908 ha Dessa fire, October 2023 1,178 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 731 ha Anzourou fire, November 2023 1,120 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 703 ha Dessa fire, October 2023 1,378 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Dessa where it started8,073 ha reached on 25 Nov16 %
-
5,478 ha reached on 27 Nov3.2 %
-
269 ha reached on 29 Nov0.2 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Inside the perimeter there were about 6.0 hectares of built-up land and about 1,100 residents (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 Nov | 35.7 °C | 10 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 63 |
| 26 Nov | 34.1 °C | 12 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 64 |
| 27 Nov | 31.1 °C | 16 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 60 |
| 28 Nov | 30.7 °C | 14 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 64 |
| 29 Nov | 30.5 °C | 12 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 65 |
| 30 Nov | 30.8 °C | 12 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 61 |
| 1 Dec after | 31.8 °C | 13 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 58 |
| 2 Dec after | 32.8 °C | 12 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 57 |
| 3 Dec after | 33.1 °C | 10 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 60 |
| 4 Dec after | 33.0 °C | 10 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 63 |
| 5 Dec after | 33.0 °C | 10 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 61 |
| 6 Dec after | 32.3 °C | 10 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 67 |
| 7 Dec after | 31.5 °C | 10 % | 46 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 69 |
| 8 Dec after | 30.2 °C | 10 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 60 |
| 9 Dec after | 31.7 °C | 10 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 10 Dec after | 34.9 °C | 11 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 29 November 2024 the air beside the fire reached 47 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 34: 2.3 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 359Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Dessa fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 25 November 2024 and 30 November 2024: 6 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 13,729 hectares (137.3 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 3 municipalities: Dessa (8,073 ha, 16 %); Anzourou (5,478 ha, 3.2 %); Inatès (269 ha, 0.2 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 35.7 °C, humidity dropped to 10 % and gusts hit 42 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 65, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Niger (OCHA COD-AB). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery; 3 polygons grouped in this page.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. 359 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from OCHA COD-AB (IGNN) (Creative Commons Attribution for Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY-IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.