Çukurca fire, 28 September 2021 Çukurca
The fire started on 28 September 2021 in Çukurca, Türkiye, and satellites saw it burning for 3 days. Copernicus mapped a burnt perimeter of 241 hectares from satellite imagery, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 38th largest in Hakkâri since 2016 (of 111 with a page). Number 77 in Türkiye in 2021, of 138.
The power measured by the satellite is low (23.2 MW in the strongest hotspot), more typical of grass or stubble burning, or a slow surface fire, than of a large crown fire.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 241ha
- Copernicus perimeter
- Duration
- 3days
- 28 Sept 2021 – 30 Sept 2021
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- districts
- Started on
- 28 Sept
- 2021
- Heat detections
- 7
- in a single hotspot: 23 MW
- Danger at start
- 40
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 13MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 46 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
94% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 197 ha in 2016, 149 ha in 2019. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 227 ha that had burned before.
What happened to each town
-
241 ha reached on 28 Sept0.3 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the official perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
What burned
- Other natural land76 %
- Scrub and transitional woodland24 %
Land cover inside the perimeter according to Corine Land Cover, as reported by Copernicus.
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28 Sept | 25.5 °C | 12 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 29 Sept | 23.9 °C | 23 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 38 |
| 30 Sept | 25.5 °C | 18 % | 44 km/h | 0.4 mm | Very high 38 |
| 1 Oct after | 24.3 °C | 23 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 2 Oct after | 26.6 °C | 19 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 3 Oct after | 27.7 °C | 14 % | 56 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 4 Oct after | 22.9 °C | 22 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 5 Oct after | 20.2 °C | 17 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 38 |
| 6 Oct after | 19.9 °C | 18 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 7 Oct after | 20.8 °C | 19 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 8 Oct after | 22.2 °C | 19 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 9 Oct after | 23.7 °C | 16 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 10 Oct after | 25.4 °C | 11 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 3 October 2021 the air beside the fire reached 32 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 24: 1.6 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 7Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 1,623 haAl-AmadiyaSeptember 2017 · 4 days · 26 km away
- 1,500 haAl-Amadiya1 August 2019 · 5 days · 33 km away
- 1,725 haAl-AmadiyaSeptember 2020 · 5 days · 34 km away
- 1,473 haAl-AmadiyaJuly 2019 · 4 days · 34 km away
- 3,718 haAl-Amadiya24 August 2021 · 14 days · 37 km away
- 4,521 haAl-Amadiya24 August 2021 · 26 days · 38 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Çukurca fire last?
- Copernicus dates it between 28 September 2021 and 30 September 2021: 3 days between the first and last image with fire.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter Copernicus measured from satellite imagery is 241 hectares (2.4 km²). Official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Çukurca (241 ha, 0.3 %).
- Did the fire reach a town?
- The fire started in Çukurca and came within 2.1 km of its centre. That is the distance from the perimeter, or the nearest hotspot, to the point marking the centre; it does not mean it entered the houses.
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 25.5 °C, humidity dropped to 12 % and gusts hit 45 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 40, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the EFFIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Türkiye (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 112 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: EFFIS (Copernicus), mapped on satellite imagery.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. 7 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter and land cover come from the Copernicus European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS), measured on MODIS and Sentinel-2 imagery and published under CC BY 4.0. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Open Data Commons Open Database License 1.0). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ slightly from each country’s official figure.