Çukurca fire, 21 August 2021 Çukurca
The fire started on 21 August 2021 in Çukurca, Türkiye, and satellites saw it burning for 4 days. Copernicus mapped a burnt perimeter of 552 hectares from satellite imagery, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 11th largest in Hakkâri since 2016 (of 111 with a page). Number 36 in Türkiye in 2021, of 138.
- Burnt area
- 552ha
- Copernicus perimeter
- Duration
- 4days
- 21 Aug 2021 – 24 Aug 2021
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- districts
- Started on
- 21 Aug
- 2021
- Heat detections
- 16
- in a single hotspot: 52 MW
- Danger at start
- 36
- High · FWI index
- Energy released
- 114MW
- sum of detected power
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 8 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
70% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 332 ha in 2016, 93 ha in 2018, 106 ha in 2019, 214 ha in 2020. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 388 ha that had burned before.
- 332 ha Çukurca fire, August 2016 860 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 138 ha Çukurca fire, September 2020 199 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 106 ha Çukurca fire, August 2019 111 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 70 ha Çukurca fire, August 2020 134 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 5 ha Çukurca fire, September 2020 328 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
What happened to each town
-
552 ha reached on 21 Aug0.6 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the official perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance is from the town centre to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
What burned
- Scrub and transitional woodland55 %
- Other natural land42 %
- Broadleaved forest3.4 %
Land cover inside the perimeter according to Corine Land Cover, as reported by Copernicus.
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21 Aug | 29.5 °C | 18 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 22 Aug | 31.1 °C | 13 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 23 Aug | 30.9 °C | 14 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 24 Aug | 33.1 °C | 10 % | 58 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 25 Aug after | 30.3 °C | 13 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 26 Aug after | 30.9 °C | 11 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 27 Aug after | 31.9 °C | 11 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 28 Aug after | 32.8 °C | 14 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 29 Aug after | 32.2 °C | 13 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 30 Aug after | 33.4 °C | 11 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 31 Aug after | 32.0 °C | 13 % | 50 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 50 |
| 1 Sept after | 31.0 °C | 8 % | 53 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 2 Sept after | 30.9 °C | 17 % | 66 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 3 Sept after | 27.2 °C | 16 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 24 August 2021 the air beside the fire reached 25 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 22: 1.5 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 16Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 1,500 haAl-Amadiya1 August 2019 · 5 days · 16 km away
- 1,725 haAl-AmadiyaSeptember 2020 · 5 days · 19 km away
- 1,623 haAl-AmadiyaSeptember 2017 · 4 days · 20 km away
- 1,473 haAl-AmadiyaJuly 2019 · 4 days · 24 km away
- 1,426 haAl-Amadiya12 August 2016 · 5 days · 26 km away
- 1,394 haAl-Amadiya10 August 2019 · 3 days · 26 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Çukurca fire last?
- Copernicus dates it between 21 August 2021 and 24 August 2021: 4 days between the first and last image with fire.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter Copernicus measured from satellite imagery is 552 hectares (5.5 km²). Official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Çukurca (552 ha, 0.6 %).
- Did the fire reach a town?
- The closest fire to a town centre came within 17.9 km of Çukurca. That is the distance to the perimeter or nearest hotspot; it does not mean it entered the houses.
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 33.1 °C, humidity dropped to 10 % and gusts hit 58 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 51, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the EFFIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Türkiye (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 112
Satellite cross-check
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
Where this data comes from
The perimeter and land cover come from the Copernicus European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS), measured on MODIS and Sentinel-2 imagery and published under CC BY 4.0. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Open Data Commons Open Database License 1.0). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ slightly from each country’s official figure.