Businga fire, 4 March 2024 Businga
The fire started on 4 March 2024 in Businga, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and satellites saw it burning for 10 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 10,743 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 2th largest in Nord-Ubangi since 2016 (of 13 with a page). Number 27 in Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2024, of 133.
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Suggestions: Businga · 2024
- Burnt area
- 10,743ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 10days
- 4 Mar 2024 – 13 Mar 2024
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- territories
- Started on
- 4 Mar
- 2024
- Heat detections
- 527
- in a single hotspot: 71 MW
- Danger at start
- 31
- High · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 517MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 11.8 mm on 19 Mar.
This area had burned before
24% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 858 ha in 2017, 464 ha in 2018, 1,538 ha in 2021. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 2,561 ha that had burned before.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Businga where it started10,814 ha reached on 27 Feb0.7 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 Feb | 35.6 °C | 39 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 28 Feb | 36.4 °C | 39 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 29 Feb | 36.8 °C | 40 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 1 Mar | 37.3 °C | 32 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 2 Mar | 34.8 °C | 40 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 3 Mar | 35.6 °C | 41 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 4 Mar | 37.5 °C | 34 % | 20 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 5 Mar | 38.2 °C | 30 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 6 Mar | 38.2 °C | 27 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 7 Mar | 35.6 °C | 43 % | 27 km/h | 0.2 mm | High 30 |
| 8 Mar | 34.8 °C | 37 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 9 Mar | 37.4 °C | 29 % | 18 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 10 Mar | 38.7 °C | 30 % | 27 km/h | 0.1 mm | High 35 |
| 11 Mar | 34.6 °C | 44 % | 34 km/h | 0.1 mm | High 32 |
| 12 Mar | 38.1 °C | 33 % | 20 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 13 Mar | 39.6 °C | 34 % | 32 km/h | 3.7 mm | Moderate 20 |
| 14 Mar after | 37.4 °C | 39 % | 35 km/h | 0.1 mm | High 26 |
| 15 Mar after | 33.5 °C | 43 % | 20 km/h | 0.4 mm | High 24 |
| 16 Mar after | 37.8 °C | 36 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 27 |
| 17 Mar after | 38.1 °C | 34 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 28 |
| 18 Mar after | 37.9 °C | 35 % | 22 km/h | 0.8 mm | High 26 |
| 19 Mar after | 35.6 °C | 44 % | 27 km/h | 11.8 mm | Low 6 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 10 March 2024 the air beside the fire reached 347 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 151: 10 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 527Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Businga fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 4 March 2024 and 13 March 2024: 10 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 10,743 hectares (107.4 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Businga (10,814 ha, 0.7 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 39.6 °C, humidity dropped to 27 % and gusts hit 38 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 38, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Democratic Republic of the Congo (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. 527 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.