Breil-sur-Roya fire, March 2025
Breil-sur-Roya, Saorge
Out · last detection 8 Mar 2025, 12:14 UTC
The fire started on 6 March 2025 in Breil-sur-Roya, France, and satellites saw it burning for 3 days. Copernicus mapped a burnt perimeter of 189 hectares from satellite imagery, spread across 2 municipalities.
Number 16 in France in 2025, of 23.
The power measured by the satellite is low (4.3 MW in the strongest hotspot), more typical of grass or stubble burning, or a slow surface fire, than of a large crown fire.
matches the official recordwith caveatssatellite onlymodel
When copying, the sentence is
Tick the figures you want: they make up the lede and the CSV.
Burned area
with caveats
189ha
Perimeter published by EFFIS (Copernicus).
This page189BDIFF68
Source
EFFIS (Copernicus)
Date
perimeter revised on 11 March 2025
+− cross-check
BDIFF: 68 ha (matched records: 1). Difference between the page and the official record: +176.2%. Matched on 1 November 2026. The two figures differ a lot, so these may not be exactly the same fire: take them as nearby records.
Duration by satellite
satellite only
3days
6 Mar 2025 to 8 Mar 2025: first and last day with fire on the page.
Source
EFFIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
Date
last detection: 8 Mar 2025, 12:14 UTC
+− cross-check
Satellites pass a few times a day and cloud or smoke can hide the fire: a lack of detections is not an official extinction. Each country’s emergency service declares a fire contained or out.
Start
satellite only
6 Mar 2025
First day with fire seen by the satellites or the perimeter.
Source
EFFIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
Date
6 Mar 2025
+− cross-check
The two figures differ a lot, so these may not be exactly the same fire: take them as nearby records.
Hotspots
satellite only
7
VIIRS detections at 375 m. Most intense hotspot: 4 MW.
Source
NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (Suomi NPP)
Date
6 Mar 2025 – 8 Mar 2025
+− cross-check
There is no official record to compare with. Each hotspot is a pixel detected in one satellite pass, not a separate fire.
The worst day
satellite only
9MW
Total radiative power on 8 March 2025; hotspots that day: 3.
Source
NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (FRP)
Date
8 Mar 2025
+− cross-check
Fire radiative power (FRP) measures the energy the fire gives off when the satellite passes. Added up by day, it compares intensity, not area.
Danger at the start
model
4.7FWI · very low
Fire Weather Index (Canadian system) computed by WorldFires for the day the fire started. Consecutive days without rain before: 4.
This is an index computed from weather model data, not a measurement of the fire nor an official warning. Danger warnings are issued by each country’s authority. Emergency number and official warnings ›
Weather during the fire
model
11.9°C · 36% RH
High of 11.9 °C and minimum humidity of 36% on 8 March 2025; gusts of 43 km/h on 6 March 2025.
These are model values for a cell of about 25 km, not from a weather station: they may differ from what was measured on the ground.
ⓘThis page’s change log has been kept since 24 October 2026: every night what it publishes is compared and the difference is logged. Anything earlier is reconstructed from each source’s date and marked as reconstructed.
Show
· reconstructedweather
Weather and FWI computed from the ERA5 reanalysis
· reconstructedofficial
Matched with the official BDIFF record
Nearby records with very different figures: 68 ha (records: 1).
A version keeps the area, dates, name and official record; the area as it was logged (changes under 2% are not logged). The map, hotspots and weather always show today’s data.
Citation
A lede of about 60 words figures only, no adjectives
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the official perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
Natura 2000 sites (European Environment Agency, 2024 release) crossed by the perimeter.
Land cover inside the perimeter according to Corine Land Cover, as reported by Copernicus.
Official record
According to BDIFF, a fire of 68 ha was recorded in Breil-sur-Roya on 6 March 2025 (the satellite measured 189 ha). The record has no coordinates, so it was matched by municipality and date. The two figures differ a lot, so these may not be exactly the same fire: take them as nearby records.
Breil-sur-Roya6 March 2025 · 23:0768 ha· cause: arson
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
Day
High
Min. humidity
Peak gust
Rain
Danger (FWI)
6 Mar
10.9 °C
36 %
43 km/h
0.0 mm
Very low 5
7 Mar
10.7 °C
32 %
36 km/h
0.0 mm
Very low 5
8 Mar
11.9 °C
36 %
30 km/h
0.0 mm
Very low 5
9 Mar after
8.3 °C
56 %
64 km/h
22.8 mm
Very low 0
Its twins: fires that started in the same weather
It started with an FWI of 4.7, a minimum humidity of 36% and 4 days without rain. Fires in the area that started in weather like this since 2016: 32.
FWI at the start4.7
Minimum humidity36 %
Days without rain4
this firechosen twinsrest of the area
Almost identicalSimilar
Outlines of the closest twins
This fire · Breil-sur-Roya fire, March 2025
189 ha3 daysFWI 4.7Min. humidity 36 %
Borghetto d'Arroscia fire, January 2017
109 ha2 daysFWI 5.4Min. humidity 33 %41 km away, in 2017
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 5.3 mm on 22 Jan.
It burned an area similar to its twins (189 ha against a median of 184 ha) and lasted 3 days, against 3 days.
In 5 of 32, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 2.5 mm.
This is a bank of analogues: it shows what usually happens, not what will happen. With fewer than 15 twins we give no figures. How we calculate it
How it ended
22.8 mmfirst rain
9 Marthe day after it ended
43km/h · max. gust
It was considered over on 8 Mar, and on 9 Mar 22.8 mm fell. We do not know whether the rain or the firefighters put it out. Twins with rain when they ended: 27 of 32, with a median of 2.5 mm.
Weather on this page: Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
How a twin is chosen
Same area: fires that have already ended, less than 250 km from this one, since 2016.
Same start: we compare the FWI on the first day, the minimum humidity that day and the run of days without rain before it. The slider sets how much they may differ.
Only pages with final weather data (ERA5 reanalysis) calculated in the same way as this fire’s; agricultural and grass burns and pages with data under review are left out.
Fires burning at the same time as this one (a week before or after) are left out: they share the same spell of weather and do not count as a precedent.
They are sorted by similarity, and the outlines of the first five are drawn.
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
↔
Before · 27 Feb 2025
After · 15 Mar 2025
Sentinel-2 did not pass over on that day. Try another date, or use false colour, which is daily.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · Copernicus
On 7 March 2025 the air beside the fire reached 19 µg/m³ of PM2.5, but no daily average passed the WHO guideline (15).
PM2.5 peak19µg/m³
Days over the guideline0days
PM1026µg/m³
Optical depth0.39
WHO 15
4 Mar6 Mar8 Mar10 Mar
GoodFairModeratePoorVery poorExtremely poor
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table· 7Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.›
⬇ Download CSVTimes in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 6 March 2025 to 8 March 2025 (3 days). The perimeter dates it from 6 March 2025 to 7 March 2025.
How much area did it burn?
The perimeter Copernicus measured from satellite imagery is 189 hectares (1.9 km²). Official national figures may differ.
Which municipalities burned?
The fire entered 2 municipalities: Breil-sur-Roya (189 ha, 2.3 %); Saorge (0 ha, 0.0 %).
Did the fire reach a town?
The fire started in Breil-sur-Roya and came within 3.7 km of its centre. That is the distance from the perimeter, or the nearest hotspot, to the point marking the centre; it does not mean it entered the houses.
What was the weather like?
During the fire the temperature reached 11.9 °C, humidity dropped to 32 % and gusts hit 43 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 5, class Very low.
Where does this data come from?
From the EFFIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of France (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
How did the fires that started in similar weather in this area end?
Fires less than 250 km away that started since 2016 with a similar FWI, humidity and dry spell: 32. Their median duration was 3 days and their median area 184 ha; 6 % went past 1,000 ha. In 5 of 32, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 2.5 mm.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
⚑Report an errorHow we know this›
Perimeter: EFFIS (Copernicus), mapped on satellite imagery.
Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 6 March 2025 to 7 March 2025. 7 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
Compared with BDIFF: 68 official ha against 189 ha of perimeter; similar, but with reservations.
Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
The perimeter and land cover come from the Copernicus European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS), measured on MODIS and Sentinel-2 imagery and published under CC BY 4.0. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM5 (Open Data Commons Attribution License 1.0). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ slightly from each country’s official figure.