Borgu fire, 28 December 2025 Borgu
The fire started on 28 December 2025 in Borgu, Nigeria, and satellites saw it burning for 18 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 3,654 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 114th largest in Niger since 2016 (of 271 with a page). Number 116 in Nigeria in 2025, of 320.
The power measured by the satellite is low (22.8 MW in the strongest hotspot), more typical of grass or stubble burning, or a slow surface fire, than of a large crown fire.
Compare with…
Suggestions: Borgu · 2025Borgu · 2025Borgu · 2016
- Burnt area
- 3,654ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 18days
- 28 Dec 2025 – 14 Jan 2026
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- local government areas
- Started on
- 28 Dec
- 2025
- Heat detections
- 109
- in a single hotspot: 23 MW
- Danger at start
- 40
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 35MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
16% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 577 ha in 2019.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Borgu where it started3,676 ha reached on 28 Dec0.3 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Jan | 36.6 °C | 24 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 3 Jan | 36.6 °C | 22 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 4 Jan | 36.4 °C | 23 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 5 Jan | 36.6 °C | 19 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 6 Jan | 36.8 °C | 20 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 41 |
| 7 Jan | 36.0 °C | 25 % | 18 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 8 Jan | 36.4 °C | 26 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 9 Jan | 35.1 °C | 19 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 10 Jan | 33.9 °C | 15 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 11 Jan | 33.1 °C | 18 % | 21 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 41 |
| 12 Jan | 34.8 °C | 20 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 13 Jan | 35.1 °C | 17 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 14 Jan | 34.3 °C | 17 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 15 Jan after | 34.1 °C | 18 % | 20 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 16 Jan after | 35.1 °C | 19 % | 21 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 17 Jan after | 35.7 °C | 20 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 18 Jan after | 35.4 °C | 25 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 19 Jan after | 36.7 °C | 17 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 11 January 2026 the air beside the fire reached 158 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 131: 8.8 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 109Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Borgu fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 28 December 2025 to 14 January 2026 (18 days). The perimeter dates it from 2 January 2026 to 9 January 2026.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 3,654 hectares (36.5 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Borgu (3,676 ha, 0.3 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 36.8 °C, humidity dropped to 19 % and gusts hit 35 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 44, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Nigeria (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 112 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 2 January 2026 to 9 January 2026. 109 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.