Biltine fire, 4 October 2025 Biltine
The fire started on 4 October 2025 in Biltine, Chad, and satellites saw it burning for 3 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 3,328 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 15th largest in Wadi Fira since 2016 (of 27 with a page). Number 111 in Chad in 2025, of 274.
Compare with…
We have the GWIS perimeter for this fire, but not yet its hotspots: NASA publishes the yearly hotspot archive only once the year closes. The page picks them up automatically when they are available.
- Burnt area
- 3,328ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 3days
- 4 Oct 2025 – 6 Oct 2025
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- departments
- Started on
- 4 Oct
- 2025
- Danger at start
- 38
- Very high · FWI index
Where it burned
The weather it burned in
It had gone 9 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
20% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 652 ha in 2020.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Biltine where it started3,342 ha0.1 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 Oct | 38.7 °C | 15 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 38 |
| 5 Oct | 38.5 °C | 14 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 6 Oct | 38.4 °C | 12 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 7 Oct after | 37.7 °C | 14 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 8 Oct after | 39.0 °C | 13 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 9 Oct after | 38.4 °C | 17 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 10 Oct after | 40.0 °C | 11 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 59 |
| 11 Oct after | 38.8 °C | 14 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
| 12 Oct after | 38.5 °C | 14 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 61 |
| 13 Oct after | 38.7 °C | 15 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 61 |
| 14 Oct after | 38.3 °C | 13 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 58 |
| 15 Oct after | 37.8 °C | 13 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 59 |
| 16 Oct after | 37.6 °C | 12 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 6 October 2025 the air beside the fire reached 39 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 28: 1.9 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Biltine fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 4 October 2025 and 6 October 2025: 3 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 3,328 hectares (33.3 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Biltine (3,342 ha, 0.1 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 38.7 °C, humidity dropped to 12 % and gusts hit 34 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 49, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Chad (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. No Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.