Bambasi fire, January 2023 Bambasi, Assosa
The fire started on 20 January 2023 in Bambasi, Ethiopia, and satellites saw it burning for 20 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 5,227 hectares from heat detections, spread across 2 municipalities.
It is the 113th largest in Beneshangul Gumu since 2016 (of 699 with a page). Number 14 in Ethiopia in 2023, of 101.
The power measured by the satellite is low (29.4 MW in the strongest hotspot), more typical of grass or stubble burning, or a slow surface fire, than of a large crown fire.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 5,227ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 20days
- 20 Jan 2023 – 8 Feb 2023
- Municipalities hit
- 2
- districts
- Started on
- 20 Jan
- 2023
- Heat detections
- 286
- in a single hotspot: 29 MW
- Danger at start
- 40
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 81MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
99% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 5,718 ha in 2016, 3,660 ha in 2017, 1,597 ha in 2018, 3,001 ha in 2019, 3,071 ha in 2020, 4,605 ha in 2021, 2,717 ha in 2022. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 5,189 ha that had burned before.
- 4,166 ha Bambasi fire, January 2021 10,932 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 3,587 ha Bambasi fire, January 2016 15,723 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 3,001 ha Bambasi fire, January 2019 13,495 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 2,695 ha Assosa fire, January 2020 10,067 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 2,504 ha Assosa fire, February 2022 3,888 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,947 ha Assosa fire, January 2017 11,491 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,630 ha Bambasi fire, January 2017 6,151 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,597 ha Bambasi fire, January 2018 2,243 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Bambasi where it started3,733 ha reached on 20 Jan2.8 %
-
1,525 ha reached on 1 Feb0.5 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 Jan | 30.0 °C | 13 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 28 Jan | 31.0 °C | 15 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 29 Jan | 31.2 °C | 14 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 30 Jan | 31.4 °C | 15 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 31 Jan | 31.7 °C | 18 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 1 Feb | 30.8 °C | 18 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 2 Feb | 30.6 °C | 19 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 3 Feb | 29.9 °C | 20 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 41 |
| 4 Feb | 31.2 °C | 21 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 41 |
| 5 Feb | 31.3 °C | 15 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 6 Feb | 31.3 °C | 18 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 7 Feb | 31.3 °C | 18 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 8 Feb | 31.3 °C | 20 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 9 Feb after | 32.0 °C | 21 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 10 Feb after | 30.7 °C | 23 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 11 Feb after | 31.4 °C | 22 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 12 Feb after | 32.3 °C | 19 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 38 |
| 13 Feb after | 31.3 °C | 22 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 27 January 2023 the air beside the fire reached 52 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 37: 2.5 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 286Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 15,723 haBambasiJanuary 2016 · 27 days · 1 km away
- 13,495 haBambasi10 January 2019 · 22 days · 3 km away
- 10,932 haBambasi29 January 2021 · 18 days · 3 km away
- 11,124 haBambasiFebruary 2016 · 20 days · 7 km away
- 11,491 haAssosa7 January 2017 · 14 days · 9 km away
- 7,502 haBambasi22 January 2017 · 9 days · 14 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Bambasi fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 20 January 2023 to 8 February 2023 (20 days). The perimeter dates it from 27 January 2023 to 3 February 2023.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 5,227 hectares (52.3 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 2 municipalities: Bambasi (3,733 ha, 2.8 %); Assosa (1,525 ha, 0.5 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 31.7 °C, humidity dropped to 13 % and gusts hit 36 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 42, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Ethiopia (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 27 January 2023 to 3 February 2023. 286 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM3 (Open Data Commons Open Database License 1.0). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.