Ba-Phalaborwa fire, 3 September 2022 Ba-Phalaborwa
The fire started on 3 September 2022 in Ba-Phalaborwa, South Africa, and satellites saw it burning for 10 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 8,501 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 11th largest in Limpopo since 2016 (of 220 with a page). Number 10 in South Africa in 2022, of 143.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 8,501ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 10days
- 3 Sept 2022 – 12 Sept 2022
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- municipalities
- Started on
- 3 Sept
- 2022
- Heat detections
- 307
- in a single hotspot: 179 MW
- Danger at start
- 44
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 443MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 32 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 9.5 mm on 20 Sept.
This area had burned before
26% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 1,842 ha in 2017, 160 ha in 2020, 248 ha in 2021.
- 1,180 ha Ba-Phalaborwa fire, July 2017 3,407 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 662 ha Ba-Phalaborwa fire, July 2017 3,674 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 45 ha Ba-Phalaborwa fire, June 2021 2,610 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Ba-Phalaborwa where it started8,521 ha reached on 3 Sept1.1 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 Sept | 31.9 °C | 15 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 4 Sept | 30.9 °C | 17 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 5 Sept | 34.9 °C | 14 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 6 Sept | 23.6 °C | 45 % | 49 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 38 |
| 7 Sept | 22.5 °C | 61 % | 38 km/h | 1.4 mm | Moderate 14 |
| 8 Sept | 28.6 °C | 37 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 21 |
| 9 Sept | 33.2 °C | 22 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 10 Sept | 35.2 °C | 16 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 11 Sept | 36.6 °C | 8 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 12 Sept | 29.9 °C | 33 % | 46 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 50 |
| 13 Sept after | 26.3 °C | 44 % | 44 km/h | 0.5 mm | High 38 |
| 14 Sept after | 24.5 °C | 46 % | 36 km/h | 0.8 mm | High 24 |
| 15 Sept after | 29.7 °C | 30 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 28 |
| 16 Sept after | 34.3 °C | 17 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 17 Sept after | 35.3 °C | 14 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 18 Sept after | 35.5 °C | 17 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 19 Sept after | 36.4 °C | 22 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 60 |
| 20 Sept after | 26.1 °C | 53 % | 54 km/h | 9.5 mm | Low 9 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 4 September 2022 the air beside the fire reached 20 µg/m³ of PM2.5, but no daily average passed the WHO guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 307Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 6,578 haBa-PhalaborwaDecember 2023 · 4 days · 12 km away
- 6,525 haGreater Giyani1 September 2022 · 5 days · 14 km away
- 15,925 haBa-PhalaborwaOctober 2022 · 14 days · 22 km away
- 7,775 haGreater Giyani1 October 2022 · 9 days · 31 km away
- 7,505 haCollins Chabane 19 October 2026 · 8 days · 35 km away
- 13,943 haBa-PhalaborwaJuly 2021 · 5 days · 37 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Ba-Phalaborwa fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 3 September 2022 and 12 September 2022: 10 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 8,501 hectares (85.0 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Ba-Phalaborwa (8,521 ha, 1.1 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 36.6 °C, humidity dropped to 8 % and gusts hit 49 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 54, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of South Africa (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 10177 · 112 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery; 2 polygons grouped in this page.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. 307 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM3 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.