Ayod fire, 18 March 2024 Ayod
The fire started on 18 March 2024 in Ayod, South Sudan, and satellites saw it burning for 10 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 6,299 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 275th largest in Jonglei since 2016 (of 427 with a page). Number 118 in South Sudan in 2024, of 180.
- Burnt area
- 6,299ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 10days
- 18 Mar 2024 – 27 Mar 2024
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- counties
- Started on
- 18 Mar
- 2024
- Heat detections
- 175
- in a single hotspot: 136 MW
- Danger at start
- 60
- Extreme · FWI index
- Energy released
- 5.0GW
- sum of detected power
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 3.4 mm on 2 Apr.
This area had burned before
43% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 1,037 ha in 2016, 2,172 ha in 2017, 86 ha in 2020, 102 ha in 2023. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 2,692 ha that had burned before.
- 1,037 ha Ayod fire, December 2016 5,015 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 102 ha Ayod fire, December 2023 29,281 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 86 ha Ayod fire, January 2020 8,386 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
What happened to each town
-
Ayod where it started6,334 ha reached on 17 Mar0.5 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance is from the town centre to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 Mar | 42.7 °C | 15 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 60 |
| 19 Mar | 38.9 °C | 23 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 20 Mar | 41.2 °C | 16 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 59 |
| 21 Mar | 39.5 °C | 17 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 50 |
| 22 Mar | 41.9 °C | 11 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 62 |
| 23 Mar | 42.4 °C | 6 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 65 |
| 24 Mar | 42.3 °C | 6 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 62 |
| 25 Mar | 41.8 °C | 6 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 67 |
| 26 Mar | 41.3 °C | 9 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 60 |
| 27 Mar | 41.7 °C | 6 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 67 |
| 28 Mar after | 41.1 °C | 14 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 64 |
| 29 Mar after | 41.3 °C | 17 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 63 |
| 30 Mar after | 41.1 °C | 21 % | 32 km/h | 0.2 mm | Extreme 56 |
| 31 Mar after | 39.2 °C | 27 % | 35 km/h | 0.5 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 1 Apr after | 37.4 °C | 28 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 2 Apr after | 36.1 °C | 33 % | 36 km/h | 3.4 mm | High 23 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 27 March 2024 the air beside the fire reached 176 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 67: 4.5 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 175Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Ayod fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 18 March 2024 and 27 March 2024: 10 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 6,299 hectares (63.0 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Ayod (6,334 ha, 0.5 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 42.7 °C, humidity dropped to 6 % and gusts hit 44 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 67, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of South Sudan (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.