Armidale fire, 2 September 2019 Armidale, Clarence Valley, Bellingen
The fire started on 2 September 2019 in Armidale, Australia, and satellites saw it burning for 16 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 111,490 hectares from heat detections, spread across 3 municipalities.
This page is probably a fire complex, not a single fire. GWIS merges into one perimeter the fires that touch over weeks, which in large burning seasons can join dozens of separate fires. The total area is reliable; the origin and dates refer to the whole complex.
Other fire pages in the same area and on the same dates:
It is the 12th largest in New South Wales since 2016 (of 130 with a page). Number 22 in Australia in 2019, of 802.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 111,490ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 16days
- 2 Sept 2019 – 17 Sept 2019
- Municipalities hit
- 3
- local government areas
- Started on
- 2 Sept
- 2019
- Heat detections
- 8,619
- in a single hotspot: 244 MW
- Danger at start
- 28
- High · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 4.5GW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 2 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 14.5 mm on 18 Sept.
This area had burned before
14% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 2,245 ha in 2016, 8,566 ha in 2017, 5,445 ha in 2018. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 15,291 ha that had burned before.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Armidale where it started54,531 ha reached on 2 Sept7.0 %
-
54,115 ha reached on 6 Sept5.2 %
-
3,328 ha reached on 6 Sept2.1 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Inside the perimeter there were about 11 hectares of built-up land and about 200 residents (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Sept | 20.5 °C | 15 % | 50 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 28 |
| 3 Sept | 21.5 °C | 13 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 28 |
| 4 Sept | 24.0 °C | 17 % | 52 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 5 Sept | 25.0 °C | 15 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 27 |
| 6 Sept | 25.4 °C | 11 % | 71 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 7 Sept | 16.9 °C | 18 % | 72 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 8 Sept | 16.5 °C | 18 % | 59 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 9 Sept | 11.9 °C | 21 % | 77 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 41 |
| 10 Sept | 13.4 °C | 30 % | 55 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 11 Sept | 14.8 °C | 35 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 23 |
| 12 Sept | 20.6 °C | 18 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 26 |
| 13 Sept | 19.5 °C | 18 % | 43 km/h | 0.3 mm | High 30 |
| 14 Sept | 22.5 °C | 8 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 15 Sept | 22.1 °C | 20 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 33 |
| 16 Sept | 24.7 °C | 12 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 17 Sept | 16.4 °C | 36 % | 45 km/h | 21.1 mm | Very low 1 |
| 18 Sept after | 16.2 °C | 48 % | 35 km/h | 14.5 mm | Very low 0 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 8,619Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Armidale fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 2 September 2019 and 17 September 2019: 16 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 111,490 hectares (1,114.9 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 3 municipalities: Armidale (54,531 ha, 7.0 %); Clarence Valley (54,115 ha, 5.2 %); Bellingen (3,328 ha, 2.1 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 25.4 °C, humidity dropped to 8 % and gusts hit 77 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 47, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Australia (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 000 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. 8,619 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.