Tsafe fire, 25 December 2024 Tsafe, Gusau
The fire started on 25 December 2024 in Tsafe, Nigeria, and satellites saw it burning for 6 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 2,848 hectares from heat detections, spread across 2 municipalities.
It is the 102th largest in Zamfara since 2016 (of 208 with a page). Number 53 in Nigeria in 2024, of 118.
The power measured by the satellite is low (21.7 MW in the strongest hotspot), more typical of grass or stubble burning, or a slow surface fire, than of a large crown fire.
- Burnt area
- 2,848ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 6days
- 25 Dec 2024 – 30 Dec 2024
- Municipalities hit
- 2
- local government areas
- Started on
- 25 Dec
- 2024
- Heat detections
- 75
- in a single hotspot: 22 MW
- Danger at start
- 40
- Very high · FWI index
- Energy released
- 334MW
- sum of detected power
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
53% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 501 ha in 2016, 262 ha in 2019, 592 ha in 2021, 612 ha in 2023. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 1,503 ha that had burned before.
What happened to each town
-
Tsafe where it started2,096 ha reached on 25 Dec1.1 %
-
769 ha reached on 27 Dec0.4 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance is from the town centre to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 Dec | 30.3 °C | 24 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 26 Dec | 29.2 °C | 17 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 27 Dec | 29.4 °C | 20 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 28 Dec | 29.2 °C | 22 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 29 Dec | 30.8 °C | 19 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 30 Dec | 30.9 °C | 21 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 31 Dec after | 31.9 °C | 22 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 1 Jan after | 31.5 °C | 23 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 2 Jan after | 33.1 °C | 22 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 3 Jan after | 33.1 °C | 22 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 41 |
| 4 Jan after | 32.9 °C | 21 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 41 |
| 5 Jan after | 29.7 °C | 21 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 50 |
| 6 Jan after | 30.4 °C | 21 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 7 Jan after | 29.5 °C | 24 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 8 Jan after | 30.2 °C | 20 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 9 Jan after | 28.1 °C | 20 % | 51 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 1 January 2025 the air beside the fire reached 529 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 373: 25 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 75Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Tsafe fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 25 December 2024 and 30 December 2024: 6 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 2,848 hectares (28.5 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 2 municipalities: Tsafe (2,096 ha, 1.1 %); Gusau (769 ha, 0.4 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 30.9 °C, humidity dropped to 17 % and gusts hit 44 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 47, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Nigeria (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 112
Satellite cross-check
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.